What it looks like
Nasal and ocular discharge — Clear to greenish discharge from nose or nostrils; eyes may be swollen, watery, or closed; crusty discharge on face
Difficulty breathing or labored respiration — Bird gasps, wheezes, or opens mouth to breathe; respiratory rate is elevated and labored
Lethargy and depression — Bird is inactive, sits with fluffed feathers, unaware of surroundings; appears severely ill
Lack of appetite and water intake — Bird refuses feed and water; rapid weight loss and dehydration visible within hours to days
Cyanosis (bluish discoloration) — Comb, wattles, face, and legs turn blue, purple, or dark due to poor circulation; severe in highly pathogenic strains
Diarrhea or abnormal droppings — Watery or greenish droppings; may be bloody in severe cases
Sudden death — Bird dies with minimal warning; especially common with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI)
Tremors or neurological signs — Head twisting, loss of balance, or apparent confusion (occurs if virus affects the nervous system)
Likely causes
What to do
No effective antiviral treatment for avian influenza. Supportive care (fluids, soft feed, warmth) may extend survival in mild cases but will not cure the disease. Most infected birds die. Infected flocks are typically depopulated to prevent spread to other birds and human populations. Follow all biosecurity protocols and report immediately to authorities.
When to see a vet
See a vet if your bird shows severe signs or doesn’t improve within a few days of treatment.
Prevention
Maintain strict biosecurity: isolate new birds for 2-3 weeks before mixing. Prevent wild bird contact (use covered feeders and waterers). Clean and disinfect equipment, vehicles, and clothing. Practice handwashing between handling different birds. Avoid visiting other poultry farms or shows. Monitor birds daily for early signs. Source birds from reputable, disease-free hatcheries.
FAQ
Is avian influenza contagious to humans?
Avian influenza viruses can infect humans, but transmission to humans is rare. Risk is highest with direct contact to infected birds without protection. Wear gloves, mask, and eye protection when handling sick birds. Wash hands thoroughly. Seek medical attention if you develop respiratory symptoms after bird contact.
What should I do if I suspect avian influenza?
Do NOT handle the bird. Report to your state veterinarian or USDA immediately (1-866-536-7593). Follow all biosecurity measures. Isolate sick birds if possible. Do not move birds to other locations. Quarantine your entire flock. This is a reportable disease; reporting is mandatory.
Can I eat eggs or meat from my flock if they have avian influenza?
Do NOT consume eggs or meat from birds suspected of or confirmed with avian influenza. Infected birds pose a health risk. Dispose of all products safely. Cooking does not guarantee safety. Follow guidance from your veterinarian and health department.
How quickly does avian influenza spread?
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) spreads rapidly—often infecting an entire flock within days. Low-pathogenic forms (LPAI) may progress more slowly but are still highly contagious. Biosecurity is critical to prevent spread. Early isolation of sick birds may slow transmission.
Is avian influenza the same as Newcastle disease?
No. Both are serious poultry diseases but are caused by different viruses. Avian influenza is an influenza virus; Newcastle disease is a paramyxovirus. Symptoms overlap, but testing distinguishes them. Both are reportable; both require immediate veterinary attention and reporting.
For more help, try our chicken symptom checker or read about signs your chicken is sick.