What it looks like
Nasal discharge and sneezing — Thick, foul-smelling mucous discharge from nostrils; bird sneezes frequently
Facial swelling — Face puffs up, sometimes asymmetrically (one side more than the other); swelling around eyes
Conjunctivitis (eye inflammation) — Watery, sticky, or swollen eyes; discharge crusts around eyelids
Rotten egg smell — Foul odor from the bird’s face and discharge is very distinctive
Depression and reduced feeding — Bird sits alone, avoids food and water, appears unwell
Reduced egg production — Hens stop laying or lay fewer eggs during infection
Likely causes
- Infection with Bordetella avium (a bacterium)
- Exposure to infected birds’ respiratory secretions or contaminated surfaces
- Poor ventilation or overcrowding increases infection risk
- Stress or immunosuppression worsens disease severity
What to do
Antibiotics are effective against Bordetella (consult your vet for appropriate choice and dosing). Isolate infected birds. Provide supportive care: fresh water, nutritious feed, well-ventilated shelter. Recovery typically takes 1–3 weeks with treatment.
When to see a vet
See a vet if your bird shows severe signs or doesn’t improve within a few days of treatment.
Prevention
Maintain good ventilation and avoid overcrowding. Quarantine new birds for 7–10 days. Disinfect equipment regularly. Stress reduction helps prevent secondary infections.
Frequently asked questions
Is Bordetella avium contagious to other birds?
Yes, very contagious. The bacteria spread through respiratory secretions and contaminated surfaces. Isolate infected birds immediately and wash hands and equipment between birds.
Will antibiotics cure my bird?
Antibiotics are usually effective against Bordetella avium. Your vet will recommend the best antibiotic and dosing. Improvement typically appears within 3–5 days, though a full course (7–14 days) is usually required.
The discharge smells terrible — is that Bordetella?
The foul ‘rotten egg’ smell from the discharge is very characteristic of Bordetella avium infection. Combined with facial swelling and watery eyes, this strongly suggests coryza. See a vet to confirm and get antibiotics.
Can I treat this without antibiotics?
Bordetella is a bacterial infection, so antibiotics are usually necessary for recovery. Supportive care alone is unlikely to clear the infection. Contact your vet for antibiotic options.
Will my bird become a chronic carrier?
Some birds may become chronic carriers after infection, shedding bacteria intermittently. They should be isolated from the main flock to prevent spread. Good hygiene and biosecurity are essential.